Anuradhapura

White stupa with stone pillars at Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka’s first great ancient capital, a UNESCO World Heritage city of enormous stupas, monasteries and the sacred Sri Maha Bodhi tree.

Anuradhapura, in the dry north of the island, was the country’s first great capital and remains one of its most important sites of pilgrimage. Huge white stupas, ancient monasteries and ruined palaces are spread across a wide, mostly flat area.

A short history

Anuradhapura was the capital of the Sinhalese kings for well over a thousand years, from the 4th century BC until the 11th century AD. Buddhism was formally established here, and the city became a centre of learning and pilgrimage. The Sri Maha Bodhi, a sacred fig tree said to have grown from a cutting of the tree under which the Buddha attained enlightenment, is still tended and worshipped today. The ancient city is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Getting there

Anuradhapura is roughly four to five hours by road from Colombo and about two hours from Sigiriya. It is a common stop on the way to Jaffna or Trincomalee, and Mihintale is a short drive to the east.

Things to do

  • Sri Maha Bodhi – One of the most revered sites in Sri Lankan Buddhism, visited daily by pilgrims.
  • Ruwanwelisaya and Jetavanaramaya stupas – Enormous ancient stupas that dominate the skyline.
  • Abhayagiri monastery ruins – A large site showing how big the monastic community once was.
  • Mihintale – A rocky hill with a stairway to a peaceful temple site, where Buddhism is traditionally said to have first reached the island.

Photo gallery

Planning a visit?

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Quick facts

Best time: February to September (drier months). It is hot, so go early in the day and carry water and sun protection
Currency: Sri Lankan Rupee (LKR)
Languages: Sinhala, Tamil and English
Religion: Mainly Buddhist, with Muslim, Hindu and Christian communities
Timezone: GMT+5:30 (Sri Lanka Standard Time)